Response Paper of Meditation Four, Five, and Six - 774 Words

Bo Guo Dr. Eric Morton PHIL 2010-200 7 July 2013 Response Paper of Meditation Four, Five, and Six Descartes talked about the true and the false, and how we make mistakes in Meditation Four. Descartes believed that error as such is not something real that depends upon God, but rather is merely a defect. And thus there is no need to account for my errors by positing a faculty given to me by God for this purpose(546). He thought that the reason why we make mistakes is that the faculty of judging the truth, which we got from God, is not infinite(546). When Descartes focused more closely on more closely on himself and inquired into the nature of his errors, he noted that errors depend on the simultaneous concurrence of two causes:†¦show more content†¦So existent belongs to the essence of God. Descartes can no more think of God as not existing than he can think of mountain without a valley(550). Actually, I do really agree with Descartes’ prove process, even if I do not agree with some of his conclusion. I think the way he prove things is rational and logical. He thought we should raise some ideas which he has no doubt about it. Then he use them to prove things. It just like what Euclid did in Elements. Raise some Axioms first, then use them to prove all others and build the whole system.Elements presents them in a single, logically coherent framework, making it easy to use and easy to reference(3). But the key point to get a true conclusion and build a logical system is to find the correct Axioms or foundations. I have to say that Axioms or foundations changes because of the religion and the development of science. For example, the Axioms of the theory of relativity are different from the classical physics’ Axioms because human know more about the nature. Descartes thought that necessary existence belongs to the essence of God in Meditation Five, and take it as a foundation. But there must be someone does not think so. He thought that because of his brief. But someone may not believe in Go d. I think Axioms or foundations might be various depends on individual difference andShow MoreRelatedThe Definition Of Psychological Well Being Essay1976 Words   |  8 Pagesal. (2011) observed the date from six Chinese cities and found the negative correlation between atmospheric pollution and SWB (Smyth et al. 2011). Personality Factors Although a number of factors affect SWB, the most crucial role underlying differences in SWB between individuals is inherence, namely personality traits (Brebner et al. 1995; Diener 1985; Schmutte and Ryff 1997; Steel et al. 2008.) Although many personality traits have been linked with SWB, this paper primarily focuses on the trait ofRead More Stress within Women Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pages My term paper is on the topic of stress. Not just normal stress but I am focusing on stress with in women, young and old. For this term paper I am using three articles that are studies from professional psychologist on how stress with other conditions affects the womens health and emotions of women. My last article is an interview form of six women with significant stress which induced health issues and they fought back, and developed their own arsenal of stress-busting habits. I will summariesRead More Tibetan Meditative Transformation4207 Words   |  17 Pagesleader, Tenzin Gyatso, an d the role of religion in everyday life. One particular Tibetan practice which Americans seem to have latched onto is the idea of meditation. Many Westerners see it as a way to improve their lives; and yet meditation, while helpful, may not be all that unique in terms of its effects on occasional practitioners. Meditation is an essential part of Buddhism, the religion which pervades every aspect of the traditional Tibetan life; it was in part this central, unifying ideologyRead MoreA Study of Loneliness in an Old Age Home in India4984 Words   |  20 Pages Introduction The paper examines the extent of loneliness felt by the residents of an old age home in India where the family has always provided care and comfort to the elderly. A set of cultural norms backed by Hindu religious ideals has ensured the proper care of the elderly by the younger generation. It is often assumed that the absence of such a care system in old age homes may cause feelings of loneliness and depression among the residents. The paper, which is based on a study I conductedRead MoreDescartes First Proof of The Existence of God Essays1407 Words   |  6 Pagesby having an idea of God that had to have been caused by God. But simply having an idea of God is not enough for there to necessarily exist such a being. This paper will critically examine Descartes’s causal argument though its premises and conclusion. Descartes makes an attempt to prove God’s existence throughout his third meditation. In his first premise he states that he has an idea of an infinitely perfect being. He uses the Principle of Sufficient reason to advance his argument; it statesRead MoreEssay on Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy2121 Words   |  9 Pagescomes from within the mind. This is a single indisputable fact to build on that can be gained through individual reflection. While seeking true knowledge, Descartes writes his Six Meditations. In these meditations, Descartes tries to develop a strong foundation, which all knowledge can be built upon. In the First Meditation, Descartes begins developing this foundation through the method of doubt. He casts doubt upon all his previous beliefs, including â€Å"matters which are not entirely certain and indubitableRead MoreDescartes First Meditation2099 Words   |  9 PagesDescartes First Meditation Descartes believes that knowledge comes from within the mind, a single indisputable fact to build on that can be gained through individual reflection. While seeking true knowledge, Descartes writes his Six Meditations. In these meditations, Descartes tries to develop a strong foundation, which all knowledge can be built upon. In the First Meditation, Descartes begins developing this foundation through the method of doubt. He casts doubt upon all his previous beliefsRead MoreResearch Assignment . 15. Alyssa Swartz. May 2, 2017. Criminal3997 Words   |  16 Pagesissue of drugs. In this paper, I will be creating my own drug treatment program to decrease the likelihood of relapse. Hypothesis An increase in self-efficacy will reduce relapse rates. Variables Independent variable: meditation in the treatment program will increase self-efficacy. Dependent variable: reduce relapse over 1 year. Method This treatment program is designed to strengthen the user’s self-efficacy. To do this, the user will attend group meditation classes as part of treatmentRead MoreThe Opioid Crisis And Communities Nationwide3993 Words   |  16 Pagesissue of drugs. In this paper, I will be creating my own drug treatment program to decrease the likelihood of relapse. Hypothesis An increase in self-efficacy will reduce relapse rate. Variables Independent variable: meditation in the treatment program will increase self-efficacy. Dependent variable: reduce relapse over 1 year. Method This treatment program is designed to strengthen the user’s self-efficacy. To do this, the user will attend group meditation classes as part of treatmentRead MoreStacys Story: There is Beauty in Aging1522 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness that day. While Stacy prepared herself for our interview, I occupied myself by admiring the thick piles of paper on her work desk. She had invoices, emails, check stubs and letters of appreciation covering the surface entirely. Empty and half-full coffee mugs were placed strategically about the room in places ranging from the printer, to the floor, and I even spotted one six feet above the ground on top of the dark, wooden cabinetry that hovered above her desk. I hadn’t seen Stacy since

Evolution Should be Taught in Schools Essay - 678 Words

Evolution and Creationism are both fact and theory but the question is which one should be taught in schools? Only a few school distracts have approved the teaching of evolution because it has more senitific evidence than creationism to prove that it is true. According to a new Gallup poll, just 39% of Americans believe in evolution. The Gallup polls also show that those Americans with higher education believe in the theory of evolution as opposed to those with only high school diplomas. The polls found that 74% Americans with post-graduate degrees believe in evolution theory compared to 21% of Americans with only high school diplomas. The Gallup polls suggest that the belief in the theory of evolution is associated with education.†¦show more content†¦Because of this, it should be taught in schools just as other theory with scientific proof. â€Å"Evolution should be one of the first things you learn in school†¦and what they (children) get instead? Sacred hearts an d incense. Shallow, empty religion.†[Sunday Telegraph (UK) interview with Richard Dakins, Sept.26, 1999]. This shows that kids would not be learning all about how humans or animals came about and if you don’t know of a theory to at least give you and idea, and then you are not fully informed to what you should know. Some people think along the lines of â€Å"I have encountered a few â€Å"creationists† and because they were usually nice, intelligent people, I have been unable to decide whether they were _ really _ mad, or only pretending to be mad. If I as a religious person, I would consider creationism nothing less then blasphemy. Do its adherents imagine that God is a cosmic hoaxer who has created that whole vast fossil record for the sole purpose of misleading mankind?†[Arthur C. Clarke, June 5, 1998, in the essay â€Å"Presidents, Experts, and Asteroids,† pp 5322-3]. Sentices have found many fossils that show the evolution of certain species. T he fossils show the species at different stages of their development. This contradicts the basis of creatisum which states that God created each specie as we know it today. So how do creationists say that evolution is not true? Evloution has proof,so why not teach it in schools? 1. If we make itShow MoreRelatedShould Evolution be Taught in Schools? Essay759 Words   |  4 PagesEvolution has been taught in all public schools for as long as many can recall. Though the process of evolution is not the only theory, schools have been teaching it as if it is the complete truth, ignoring other aspects and only focusing and targeting on Darwins theory of Evolution. However, there are still many other ideas that the students should be informed of as well because all are theories, all are hypothetic. Teaching of the evolution theory have yet to be proven reliable and confirmed byRead MoreShould Intelligent Design and/or Creationism Be Taught Alongside Evolution in Public Schools?641 Words   |  3 PagesThere are many controversies in courtrooms about whether or not should intelligent design should be taught alongside evolution in public schools, which has been going on for a great amount of years. Intelligent design is the idea of natures changes ca nnot be a random process, but a type of guidance must have lead to why nature is the way it is in today’s era. In most cases, that specific guidance is God. God has created the world for a purpose. Creationism is the same idea as intelligent designRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolutionism in Public Schools1538 Words   |  7 PagesCreationism vs. Evolution in Schools: 1st Affirmative Constructive Speech Creationism and Evolutionism by definition are very different topics. Currently, evolutionary naturalism is the most widely taught view of origins in America. In schools in the modern day, only evolutionism is taught and condoned. But before the 1920s, only creationism was taught, and evolution was forbidden. Then, on February 20, 2008, the Florida State Board of Education voted to revise the public school guidelines to requireRead MoreCreationism Isnt Science but Belongs in Schools Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesCreationism Isnt Science but Belongs in Schools The origin of life has been a point of discussion for as long as history has been documented. Ancient Egyptians believed that the sun god Ra took another form, created land from a watery abyss and created everything, including gods and humans. The Iroquois, a tribe of Native Americans, told a story of god to human lineage that resulted in twins, one being evil and one being good. The good twin creates a picture perfectRead MoreA Number Of Years About Evolution And Creationism1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gallup organization has asked three questions for a number of years about evolution and creationism. Question one: Do you think God created humans pretty much in our present form at one time within the last 10,000 years? Question two: Do you think we developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life, but God guided this process, including our creation? The third question: Do you think we have developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life, and God had no partRead MoreEssay on Creationsim vs. Evolution794 Words   |  4 PagesCreationsim vs. Evolution For a long time school administrators, teachers, parents and even students have argued for and against the teaching of either creation and/or evolution. Evolution has been taught in many public schools for generations because of the scientific methods and support it has as a scientific theory of how we as humans came to be. Many religions hold different views of how humanity as we know it was created and these people believe that students should be able to hearRead MoreThe Scopes Trial And Creationism1053 Words   |  5 PagesCreationism and Evolution have always been a topic in America since the Scopes Trial. The Scopes Trial took place in 1928 when the Supreme Court was deciding whether schools should teach Evolution or Creationism. The foundation of evolution is based upon the belief that the origin of all ordered complex systems, including living creatures, can be explained by natural laws without the intervention of God. In that trial the Supreme Court came to a conclusion that Evolution was banned and that creationismRead MoreCreationism : A Theory Of Primordial History1585 Words   |  7 Pagesand debated phenomena in the history of education is that the hypothetical concept of evolution which can be considered as a theory of primordial history, moreover with the belief of creationism. Both have had an astounded impact in the framework of contemporary education should or should not be taught in the public classroom. Evolutionists and Creationists both have their reasons why their beliefs should be taught in the public classroom. The matter of the fact is that both of these are consideredRead MoreEvolution Of Science Classes At School1653 Words   |  7 PagesBeing raised in a Christian family, I have attended Catholic school my whole life. That being said, I have grown up studying Bible stories since before I can remember. Probably the most prominent and well-known of these stories in Christian theology is, of course, the story of creation. To this day, I still remember how the story goes. On the first day, God created the earth and daylight. For six days after, he continued creation and included the sky, the ocean, plants, animals, and humans. GrowingRead MoreA Case Against Evolution Of Public Schools1082 Words   |  5 Pages A Case Against Evolution in Public Schools Evolution is the most popular theory currently taught in public high schools, and is widely accepted as a sound scientific concept to teach. However, it is equally true that many disagree with evolution and many of its concepts as an explanation of the origin of life on our planet, and it is thus my opinion that evolution should not even be taught in public science classes, as it is not scientifically sound, nor should be a part of a wide variety of concepts

Diversity and healthcare Free Essays

Managing a Diverse Workforce The health care institution is making the possible steps to address the concerns disclosed during the mock accreditation assessment. Various working teams and groups are being organized to develop corrective action plans for forecasted dilemmas as they become evident. For this scenario, I was chosen to lead a specific project team. We will write a custom essay sample on Diversity and healthcare or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because I’m aware that diversity is an important element to producing successful outcomes, I’ve scheduled a meeting with other team leaders to provide information on this subject. Therefore, a preparation for a report on the value of diversity on the following was initiated: †¢ Work Groups Functions †¢ Different Forms †¢ The types of diversity as it is important among healthcare organizations †¢ Tools that can help ensure that diversity principle exists in these project teams Effective work groups’ main goal is to engage in external knowledge sharing; they exchange information, ideas, and feedback, the values of sharing different ideas and knowledge increases with diversity, their different organizational affiliations, roles, or positions, can expose the group to unique sources of knowledge. It is hypothesized that if members of structurally diverse work groups engage in external knowledge sharing, they will be exposed to different elements of work principles because of this active exchange of knowledge through unique external sources can establish new information frontiers. The following values should be taken in consideration when dealing with diversity within a workgroup: †¢ There is a need to stick to the regulations and be pertinent while communicating with a diverse workforce. †¢ It is crucial to avoid the use of slang words when having a conversation with individuals coming from a diverse workforce. †¢ . There is a need to understand how the persons from different cultures interpret communications. †¢ There should be proper mentoring of people from different cultures and sectors. †¢ There should be communications training given to local employees while communicating with a diverse workforce. †¢ Extra training should be given to foreign employees while communicating with a diverse workforce. †¢ Open-doors policy should be moderated while communicating with a diverse workforce The work group function is to build skills and knowledge while helping others to understand what each team member does, and actively reflecting on team accomplishments and challenges. The values of diversity forms are categories in social diversity, diversity in values, and information resource diversity. There are also moderating variables such as work type and work interdependence, on workgroup performance Organizations are now initiating to discard the old stereotype of the `ideal manager` and are beginning to consider the idea that realized factors such as any genders, any ages, racial groups, ethnic affiliation and cultural types can produce excellent managers. Healthcare organizations are able to see more creativity and innovations due to the embracement of letting go of this old stereotype in which the resulting diversity can bring a competitive advantage to the healthcare organization. To reach this point, healthcare administrators must grasp several concepts. They must first have the ability to understand exactly what diversity entails. Then there should also be an understanding of the purpose behind diversity management. Third, healthcare administrators must understand that other unknown or invisible biases do exist in their respective workplace. Finally, managers should be aware of the solutions they can employ to deal with the issues of diversity management; tools that can help ensure that diversity exists in these project teams for better competency. Specific skills and knowledge areas essential for managing a diverse workforce with sensitivity and competency begin with managers who knowledgeable in cross cultural skills, business practices and customs as well as possess increased knowledge about cultural sensitivity issues and communication styles of different cultures in order to operate and communication and thus function effectively in an increasingly diverse workforce. Managers must have developed great communication styles attuned to different cultures to prevent any communication gaps and confusion while relaying info to a diverse workforce. Managers need superior interpersonal and communication skills to lead any workforce especially one that is made up of various ethnic groups, generations, and other orientations. Knowledge of diversity principles is essential. All employees’ wants and delegated needs significantly evolve according to how they want their life stages to be characterized, and an efficient manager will adjust to these types of changes. By drastically addressing these changes, managers can structure a stable organizational culture out of identified diversity. (Goliath Business Knowledge on Demand, 2003) References Goliath Business Knowledge on Demand. (2003, June 01). Retrieved February 29, 2003, from Industry Market Reports: http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-63372/Diversity-management-an-imperative-for.html Liebler, J. G. (2004). Management Principles for Heath Professional. Sudbury, MA: How to cite Diversity and healthcare, Essay examples

Mobile Phones and Economic Development Disruptive Technologies

Question: Describe the factors that determine the price of mobile phone devices in a free market. In recent years, the price of an average mobile phone has continued to fall even in the face of increasing demand. Explain with the aid of a diagram how this has occurre? Answer: Introduction In the world of innovation and advancements, the expansion and growth of the mobile phones and technologies has come up to the forefront and gained huge attention and recognition due to dynamic variations in the need and preferences of the consumers. Amid these advances, cell phone devices have come up as one of the fastest adoption rates at the household level given for any technology that exist in the history of todays modern world. In fact, cell phones form a major part of a human life and important instrument of communication at todays time. In the highly competitive international as well as domestic markets, sellers are relentlessly combating with its fellow sellers or competitors to gain a competitive advantage over the other (UKEssays, 2016). They come up with various different differentiation strategies in order to woo and persuade their consumers to choose their brand in place of its competitors good. The review of literature shows us that various studies have been conducted to identify the factors that influences consumers decision thereby making their companies superior than their opponents. (Ekekwe and Ndubuisi, 2012) Throughout the world, choice of consumers, with regard to the mobile phones, are greatly influenced by varied factors. Such elements could be associated with the characteristics of the buyer and/or the features connected with the mobile phones. This induces firms in the mobile industry to come up with different series and models with some or the other unique feature in every set. In fact, empirical studies have been conducted to study the factors that influence the decision of the consumers with regard to the choice of mobile phone. Some of the few factors are cost, features, excellence, brand name, sturdiness, social factors etc (Sata, 2013). Purpose Of The Study There has been worldwide decrease in the price of the mobile phones. As per the predictions of the IDC report, it forecasts that the average selling price of I-phone is $657 and its going to further plummet to $604 by 2018. Android phones have launched high as well as low end phone in order to capture greater size of the market with the falling price. However, this declining price is should not be understood as a falling quality of the phones. With the improved technology and better production inputs, firms in the mobile industries are coming up with extremely affordable models of the cell phones that offer decent features, catering to the needs to the various section of the society. The report further suggests that in the near future, there will be a huge shift from basic sets to an affordable smartphones. Further, it is predicted that major demand is expected to come from emerging markets of the world such as India, Indonesia and China. Following diagram shows the geographic-wise s hare of the smartphones between 2012 and 2018. It is very clear that the Asia Pacific and China, the emerging markets are the ones who would capture the major market presently as well as in the future. It is also seen that there has been declining trend of the mature markets like US in the market share of the smartphones. It is because of these reasons that lower-end smartphones are likely to be the major drivers of the growth for mobile phones in the developing countries (Hamblen, 2016). Moreover, the diagram shown below also displays increasing trend in the mobile phone subscriptions in UK. It also reveals that even though the demand for such a good has been satiated in their country, they continue to supply the handsets in order to capture market at the international level. Hence, it is very obvious to them that their price must also internationally competitive and extremely affordable to its buyers as they are the emerging markets with comparatively less real disposable income i n their hand. Therefore, in this essay, an attempt has been made in order to understand the factors guiding the demand and supply of mobile phones in the domestic as well as international markets. It even attempts to explain graphically about the impact of the each factors on the demand and supply curve and ultimately on the equilibrium price and quantity. The study looks into the factors from demand-side and supply-side individually. At the end, it explains how exactly the market behaves in the event of such factors when brought into force (Hamblen, 2016). Analysis: In case of mobile phone industry, we understand the prices of the mobile phones are falling in spite of the increase in the demand for the mobile phones. This is contrary to what law of demand and supply explains to us. Here, we assume that all factors are constant except price affecting the demand and supply of the mobile phones. However, in real life, there are in fact various factors that affect the level of quantity demanded and supplied to its customers. And, when this happen, we cannot assure that the law of demand and supply would behave normally under the given circumstances. In fact, it is bound to behave in the opposite way. It is why, we are observing falling mobile prices in the face of increasing demand. We would examine few of the factors affecting demand and supply of the mobile phones. This would show how demand and supply of mobile phones affects the quantity demanded and supplied and its impact on price of the mobile phones (Economicshelp.org, 2012). The supply-side factors affecting the sale of the mobile phones are as follows: Reductions in the input prices: Input prices are an important factor determining the cost of producing the mobile phones. In case of rise in the price of the inputs, production cost would also rise and thus quantity available for sale would reduce. For instance, if a firm is using a small quantity of gold or silver in producing a phone and its cost increases, producers would not be interested to produce a higher quantity and thus supply would fall and price would increase. On the contrary, when the input prices fall, quantities supply increases Thus, marginal costs are greatly reduced and subsequently supply is augmented. Therefore, there is an enormous drop in price and quantities transacted have ascended intensely. Therefore, a decline in input overheads changes the supply curve rightward from S1 toS2 thereby increasing the equilibrium quantity from Q1 to Q2. Thus, it causes decrease in the price from P1 to P2 (Mankiw, 2007). . Number of suppliers / competitors: There are various factors other than price influences the number of sellers that operate in the market to change and thereby alter the supply curve of the mobile phones. For instance, lets presume that producers of mobile phone must follow a stringent licensing rules and if these rules are relaxed, it will be easier for more companies to enter the market and supply a particular number at each given price (Karjaluoto et al., 2005). This would cause increase in the supply, from S1 to S2, of the mobile phones in the industry, thereby causing a fall in the price from P1 to P2 and increasing the quantity supplied ( Parkin, 2013). Technology: Better technology permits companies to produce more competently with less resources to create a particular good. This way, production costs are lowered and so producers would be willing to increase the quantity producers supplied at each price. Enhanced technical know-how had a significant role in the altering the attractiveness of cell phones. With the increase in the technological improvement in the production of displays, arrays, and mobile networks as well as in the processing of electronic data has jumped frontward, there has been fall in the cost of making a phone. As a consequence, manufacturers are nowadays keen to provide additional cell phones at lesser prices. Any change in the other factors other than price affects the level of the quantity supplied at any given price. An improvement in the technology that decreases the cost of production would lead to the increase in the supply curve, causing a shift from S1 to S2, thereby making it available to the consumers at a cheaper price. More mobile phones would be available to be sold at each price than before ( Pindyck and Rubinfield, 2004). Following are the demand-side factors impacting the sale of the mobile phones: Price of the related goods: Another factor that impacts the demand for mobile phones is the price of the related goods. The goods can be substitute or complementary goods. Goods are called substitute when they can be used in place of another goods like tea and coffee. Complimentary goods are those which can be used together like a pair of socks. However, there is no close substitute for mobile phones. In fact, it has comparative advantage over fixed landlines. Therefore, if the demand increases, the demand curve shifts to the right. In many developing countries, the cost of obtaining a fixed-line is very high and this could be the reason behind a rapid increase in the demand for the mobile phones. Consumer preferences: These are the likes or dislikes that induces persons to be more inclined towards a particular good. At any price, some consumers derive more utility from a mobile phone than others. For a field executive, keeping a two handset of mobile phone is essential whereas, for many, a single set of mobile phone is sufficient. Moreover, the need of a cell phone was further increased due to the anti-social crime that takes place in the country in order to ensure that their family members are safe (Sata, 2013). Income: This is another important factor determining the level of quantity demanded of a mobile phone. For many goods, we observe that there is a direct relationship income and quality and quantity of the product he buys. Since cell phones are normal goods, its demand is likely to increase with the increase in the income. It is quite likely that a person with higher income would opt for higher end model than a basic model of mobile hand set. His ability and willingness to pay for a cell phone would determine his choice. It is also possible that there would some section of people for whom it will be not possible to buy a phone unless their income is increased. Thus, higher the level of disposable income available with the people, greater will be the demand for the particular type of a handset. Therefore, a cell phone is a normal good (Reaz Uddin, Zahan Lopa and Oheduzzaman, 2014; Mankiw 2007). Given the factors affecting the demand and supply of the mobile phones, we see that the supply curve has increased from S1 to S2 and demand curve has also increased from D1 to D2, causing a fall in the prices of the smartphones. This is illustrated in the following diagram. In the below diagram, D1 and S1 are the initial demand and supply curve and P1 and Q1 are the initial equilibrium price and quantity. After taking various characteristics influencing the demand and supply of the smartphones, we observe that there is a fall in the equilibrium price and increase in the equilibrium quantity. Source: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/6279/economics/falling-price-of-mobile-phones/ Conclusion: It is very evident from the report that there has been universal fall in the price of the mobile phones irrespective of the increasing demand throughout the world. In fact, we observe that the traditional law of supply does not hold good here in these circumstances as the sellers are providing more even the lower price which is contrary to what law of supply tells us. It says that as the prices increases, the supply of the goods by the producer also increases, given other things are constant. But practically, in real life, we cannot keep other factors constant. These factors are bound to impact the behaviour of the sellers which is quite evident in case of the mobile phones industry discussed above. The factors discussed does influences the behaviour of the sellers. Moreover, the demand curve represents the relation between price and quantity demanded keeping other factors constant. But actually we see that there are factors that do affect the demand for the product and in the report ; we have seen how these factors impact the demand for the mobile phones by increasing to a greater extent. In fact, as per the reports, it is expected that this trend is likely to continue in the near future and we would further face a drop in the mobile phones and increasing demand and supply of it (Abraham, 2007; Mankiw , 2007) . References Abraham, R. (2007). Mobile Phones and Economic Development: Evidence From the Fishing Industry in India. Information Technologies International Development, [online] 4(1), pp.pp. 5-17. Available at: https://itidjournal.org/itid/article/view/241 [Accessed 11 Feb. 2016]. Economicshelp.org, (2012). Falling Price of Mobile Phones | Economics Help. [online] Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/6279/economics/falling-price-of-mobile-phones/ [Accessed 11 Feb. 2016]. Ekekwe, N. and Ndubuisi, N. (2012). Disruptive Technologies, Innovation and Global Redesign: Emerging Implications. USA: Information Science References. Hamblen, M. (2016). Smartphone prices are dropping, and will continue to dip through '18. [online] Computerworld. Available at: https://www.computerworld.com/article/2489944/smartphones/smartphone-prices-are-dropping--and-will-continue-to-dip-through--18.html [Accessed 7 Feb. 2016]. Karjaluoto, H., Karvonen, J., Kesti, M., Koivumki, T., Manninen, M., Pakola, J., Ristola, A. and Salo, J. (2005). Factors Affecting Consumer Choice of Mobile Phones: Two Studies from Finland. Journal of Euromarketing, 14(3), pp.59-82. Mankiw, G , Economics: Principles and Applications, 4th edition South Western, Cengage Learning India Private Limited. (2007). Parkin, M 2013,Microeconomics, 11thedition, Prentice Hall. Pindyck, RS Rubinfeld D. 2004.Microeconomics, 6thedition,Prentice Hall. Reaz Uddin, M., Zahan Lopa, N. and Oheduzzaman, M. (2014). FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMERS BUYING DECISIONS OF MOBILE PHONE: A STUDY ON KHULNA CITY, BANGLADESH. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains, [online] 5(2). Available at: https://airccse.org/journal/mvsc/papers/5214ijmvsc03.pdf. Sata, M. (2013). Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behavior of Mobile Phone Devices. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, [online] 4(12). Available at: https://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/viewFile/1787/1791 [Accessed 10 Feb. 2016]. UKEssays, (2016). Why the price of computers keep falling despite increasing demand. [online] Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/why-the-price-of-computers-keep-falling-despite-increasing-demand-economics-essay.php [Accessed 10 Feb. 2016].

Admission Essay free essay sample

In modern world there is a strong claim that in the near future nearly everyone will need business education because no matter what you are doing in your professional life, you will be often faced by some businesses. Even engineers and scientists soon will be challenged by the basic principles of business knowledge. Therefore, I am most interested in knowledge of business and I think that business knowledge combined with specialist qualification is very important for my future professional life. I see business education as an excellent opportunity to make the world better as business knowledge suggests ways of creating jobs and choices, wealthy and well-being nation. However, it is not simply business knowledge. Before choosing business education, I asked myself what knowledge of business principles would give me in future. I am sure that the University of Michigan will provide me with necessary background how to balance human values and numbers, how to start new and run existing businesses, and how to balance relations between business and community. We will write a custom essay sample on Admission Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In other worlds, the University will teach me how to run business and to remain socially responsible. In highly competitive business world I realize I have to be originator, innovator and entrepreneur as being simply employee is not enough for me. Business education will provide me with necessary leadership qualities such as persistence, flexibility, ability to work under pressure and many others. Moreover, knowledge of business suggests you are able to thing critically and strategically, to solve problems and conflicting situations, and, what is more important for me, to pursue my individual dreams. I am a practical person and business is surely a practical subject as medicine, for example. Doctors aren’t allowed to cure real live patient basing only on theoretical guidelines of the book study. The same is with business. In business sphere you are to do things and to make up decisions, to take actions and to be responsible for results. I think I will manage to succeed in business world. Admission essay free essay sample I am expectant of the challenges that college life brings especially at this time. Other than the financial aspects of it, I know that there will be opportunities not only for academic training but also for community outreach, which will definitely prove to be interesting. It is in this area where I think I can contribute much for the pursuance of a school’s objective. It is indeed a unique possibility for students to be able to immerse themselves in real life problems and challenges during their stay in college.   It is here where I can probably be active because my strongest attribute is my conviction to follow through with what I believe in. I demonstrate a tremendous amount of proprietorship in the projects to which I am assigned. I also function well in a team and find myself as the facilitator during group functions. College life will provide all these challenges. We will write a custom essay sample on Admission essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It will give me opportunities in organizing groups whose efforts are focused on the wholistic development of students. College life will also provide the intellectual and social experiences from which students can develop skills, knowledge, interest and attitudes that characterize people as individuals who shape their abilities to perform adult roles. During college, I will carefully prioritize my work and leverage my time by getting others involved as appropriate. By developing good working relationships with others, I will be able to spend more time identifying and proposing solutions and these will all be possible during my stay in college. Admission Essay free essay sample I would like to get an admission in a dental school so that I can pursue a career that has always been my dream. I must say that I have had a vast experience and exposure on this profession dating back to my old days as a dental student in India. During that time, I worked in various government hospitals for a year. This enabled me get sufficient exposure on some of the dental ailments like tooth fractures, gingivitis and temporo mandibular disorders and how to treat them. Consequently I was exposed to the principles and ethics of dentistry that includes confidentiality, competence, being compassionate and portraying a high level of professionalism. These factors make me suitable for the career. In addition, I have worked with a re-knowned dentist, Dr. Swalan thus gaining more knowledge about dental surgery. I have worked with various people and I well understand the dentist-patient relationship and how this can be enhanced. We will write a custom essay sample on Admission Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is important to note that am very conversant with the American Dental Association code of ethics that outlines the dos and don’ts of the profession. I have learnt quite a lot of things to date as for as dental surgery is concerned. I not only know about administering oral care, but also reconstructive and cosmetic services. I have also learnt that patience pays because many are times when dental patients endure pain for so long only for a Doctor to clear it in seconds. I was motivated into joining dentistry by my brother who was himself a dental student. His encouragement together with the invaluable support of Dr. Salwan made me develop a lot of interest in the profession. In my early childhood, I used to frequent dental clinics. This earlier exposure of this environment and the kind approach with which doctors exercised their duty thrilled me into making it a career dream. I was also made to understand that dentistry is an absolutely good income job that would enable me make ends meet in my life. In my present job as a dental assistant, I handle quite a number of tasks. These range from preparing the patients on behalf of the doctor to taking of X-rays for the patients. In addition, I clean patient’s teeth, receive payments and make bills. My goal is to learn more about dentistry and to become a professional dentist that one can reckon with. I do not want a case whereby am only referring patients to other doctors as a result of incompetence. I would rather look forward into learning all dental aliments and their treatment procedures/processes. As I sit besides the Doctor while administering treatment, I aspire to induce as many students as possible into joining this profession. I also dream of becoming a professional Dental surgeon myself, offering consultation services to other medics. If my admission is guaranteed I would be contented as my other goal of pursuing a practical job of which I am good at, shall have been accomplished. References Please use the references I had given you earlier. Admission Essay free essay sample Prompt: Tell us about an opinion or belief that you have had to defend. How has this affected your belief system? I grew up going to church every Sunday and Wednesday, rarely did I miss a service. I was homeschooled, kindergarten through middle school, learning daily from the Christian-based curriculum textbooks that were purchased by my parents, for me and my siblings. My father was a preacher; my mother was both a stay at home mom and my schoolteacher. Needless to say, the early stages of my life consisted of and were based upon my family’s religion. It was natural and regular for me to live each day through the beliefs instilled in me by my parents, uncontested. Then I was enrolled into a public school for ninth grade. My parents did an excellent job of exposing me to the world and to parts of society. I experienced many things and was not â€Å"sheltered† as some people put it. We will write a custom essay sample on Admission Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though I had social experiences before, daily contact and interaction with certain people, at a public school, opened my eyes to the world even more. I experienced a radical change from spending my day with family and friends who were of the same mindset, to interacting with many people who did not share my values and some were even hostile towards my beliefs. People and their beliefs are extraordinarily interesting to consider. Some people view all values to merely be one’s opinion on matters, while others mistake a simple opinion to be an inherent moral truth. Such mistakes seem to occur in nearly all debates or discussions that even slightly relate or appeal to a person’s values or opinions. Upon entering public high school, I was almost blindsided with the realization that many people do not mind challenging all that you stand for. From your petty opinion on something of little importance, to maybe your core religious beliefs, people will try to make you defend what you think or say. Such a challenge was once forced upon me, and so I responded by defending what I considered to be a moral truth. Freshman year in Biology class, by some vague means, the issue of abortion came up during a class discussion. Like a drop of water hitting a hot iron, the classroom heated up and passionate arguments began to fly. The teacher atte mpted to calm the mood, but the debate raged on. Then I opened my mouth and naively voiced my thoughts. The opposing side jumped on me and began to tear my statements apart like a pack of wolves. Using little to no rational or reasonable counter arguments, they resorted to degrading names and making passionate accusations. Accusations that I, and a few other classmates, considered to have no relevance to the debate topic and therefore they had essentially no value to the discussion. Regardless of what I thought, the opposing side showed no slacking and, therefore, I felt forced to stand up, literally, and present a full defense of what I believed. After a few minutes, the teacher had regained control of the classroom and I was the last man standing, continuing to argue my case. Then they just told me to shut up. After this first instance, I began to realize something about people and their values. The more times a person’s beliefs are challenged, the stronger and even more stubbornly they will believe and defend them. Even when presented with a reasonable counter argument, the person will deny logic and continue to stand for his or her belief. Because of this realization, I started to change the way I defended my own beliefs and how I challenged others. In order to have a reasonable discussion, you first must find common ground with the opposing person. This idea was once foreign to me, but now I try to begin every discussion by determining what we agree on, and then progress from there. From one little instance, seemingly insignificant in the whole scheme of things, during my freshman year, I changed and was able to understand my belief system and others more accurately. There is much more progress to be made in my understanding of human beliefs and standards, but I certainly think I’ve started and touched on the â€Å"tip of the iceberg†.

What is Modernity essays

What is Modernity essays The 17th century was a horrible age of wars and it was during this time period that the 30 Years War took place. Religion also played a large part in modernity. It was starting to separate from the government at this time, and at the same time, the rise of scientific knowledge began. The 18th century is where things really started to take off and is really the beginning of modernity as we know it. Civilization went from horses and carriages in the early 1700s to steam engines by the 1780s. Also, in the early 1700s, art was more neoclassical and governed by the aristocracy, whereas by the late 18th century, art had turned more towards the middle class and romanticism. The 18th century is where modern culture begins with a movement aptly named the Enlightenment. With the Enlightenment came a new use of thought, a more humanistic way of thought. Also with the Enlightenment came the rise of science. Throughout the lifetime of man, we as humans have always been searching for the solid foundation of what our existence is built on. This search became even more important with the new, enlightened form of thinking. Overall there are five parts of the Enlightenment: empiricism, utilitarianism, self-interest, reason, and universalism. Empiricism is knowledge based on the scientific approach. It is always looking for answers through a series of laid out questions. It is very inductive, and after this knowledge of thought has been used, it generally decreases ones spirituality. All the person is seeking out is the proven facts. Utilitarianism is reality based on the greatest good for the greatest number. When searching for the truth, we should find the truth with the most good. John Locke is seen as being a person of utilitarian thought. Self-Interest is a large part of the Enlightenment, mainly due to the book published by Adam Smith in 1776 entitled The Wealth of Nations. This book p...

Compare the U.S. Criminal Justice System to United Kingdom's (Britain) Research Paper

Compare the U.S. Criminal Justice System to United Kingdom's (Britain) Criminal Justice System - Research Paper Example The UK and the United States have extremely similar criminal justice systems, as well as extremely similar elements for a crime. This is because the American system is based upon the UK system, as both systems are based upon the common law. The criminal system is similar, in that, in both jurisdictions, there must be mens rea to be held guilty for a crime, in both jurisdictions a criminal may be exonerated for a crime, or at least held to a lesser standard, if there was sufficient provocation, and, in both systems, there is a thin or eggshell skull rule, although, in the United States, this rule is usually used exclusively for torts. These are some basic similarities to the elements for crimes in both jurisdictions. Beyond this, there are similarities in the systems themselves. Both systems treat mentally disordered offenders similarly, although England appears to have more options for this type of offender. In both systems, the victims ostensibly have rights, although these rights d o not seem to be enforced as much in England as they are in the United States. In both systems, there is some form of restorative justice or reparative justice, which means that the victim gets some type of compensation for his or her distress. American criminal law and English criminal law are very similar, because American law has, as its basis, English common law. Therefore, the elements for committing a crime would be similar in both countries. For instance, in both countries, there must be the proper mens rea that would have to be established for the crime.

Interconnectivity of organ systems Research Paper

Interconnectivity of organ systems - Research Paper Example If the physiological balance in the body is disturbed or interrupted, the body’s organ systems react in a way that seeks to compensate for the imbalance (Swales, P. 45). Physiological studies and researches have discovered that a homeostatic imbalance or interruption in one organ, characterized by various signs and symptoms, not only affects that particular organ but also interferes with the functionality and the well-being of other organs connected to it. When the body reacts to compensate for the imbalance caused by a disease through various regulatory mechanisms, in most cases, not a single organ is involved (Swales, P. 45). Instead a group of organs are often found to play integral roles in maintaining the body’s homeostatic stability. This paper explores the concept of organ interconnectivity during the regulation of blood pressure and hypertension. High blood pressure, sometimes referred to as the ‘silent killer’ is one of the conditions that make an individual prone to heart attacks and strokes. In fact, studies indicate that high blood pressure is the major cause of stroke and heart attacks in many regions of the world. It is therefore important that the body’s organ systems are best placed physiologically to regulate high blood pressure and hypertension. The connectivity of the organs involved in the regulation of blood pressure is evident as early as during the causative stages of high blood pressure. For example, some of the major causes of high blood pressure are kidney complications, which result in a type of high blood pressure condition known as secondary hypertension (Swales, P. 45). These kidney-related causes of high blood pressure connects it with the main organ systems involved with blood pressure such as the major arteries, the minor arteries, the heart, veins, and the capillaries. These are just the few organs that are involved

Humanity beliefs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Humanity beliefs - Essay Example Is selflessness the most important aspect of humanity beliefs? This paper will have a deep insight into selflessness as an attribute of humanity and how it comes about. First, the paper will define selflessness and then explore into the causes of selflessness and the ultimate impact of this attribute on humanity. Selflessness is the attribute of acting with less interest for yourself than for the success of mutual activity where one is more concerned with the well-being of others than his/her own welfare. It is the nature of people who are genuinely benevolent individuals by putting the needs of others first. A selflessness being is where one gives to anyone, often capitulating or sacrificing something of their own knowing that nothing in their life is truly of their own. Selflessness is offering help, kindness, material things and always be ready to assist to the best of their ability inherently knowing that that is the right thing to do. It is this act of selflessness that distingu ish human from all the other animals since every man has a wild beast within him and selflessness makes us different from anything else thus humanity . Selflessness is established in evolutionary biology and also as a concept in psychology is a mansion that tries to explain the traits of human ethics because individuals who help others benefit in return by promoting their genetic self-interest. This shows that selfless behavior is as a matter of fact a prominent feature of both biological and human nature. Selflessness as a humanity aspect is brought about as a product of selfish desire and one may think this is an emphasis of selfishness but it sets apart for altruism which is an aspect of unselfish devotion to others. The main idea is based on which level in the hierarchy of living organism will turn out to be the certainly selfish and use the real life examples that surround the human nature. The growth of civilization is used to give an incrementally honorable status of the term selflessness because we will realize that this civilization power results naturally as selfishness .since civilization is an aid to growth and originates in selfishness then selfishness may be the reason for growth of civilization thus the meaning of saving the vague supposition of selflessness (Freud 74). This can also be proven by an example of fear as a natural means of self-protection where our a small nation like Kenya will always want to be in the UN organization and give help to others not because they homer the international union or have a greater passion in helping other nation but it is a fear-linked desire for survival when they need help from the UN organization. Tradition can also be a cause of selflessness act as a trait of humanity that is triggered by inner power of selfishness because one might be fully submitted to a given tradition by taking consideration on the community and avoid trouble with the society but in real sense the act is triggered by the selfishnes s power of praise from the community leaders, fame and be given titles of good morals. These examples clearly show that selflessness as a humanity aspect is brought about by fear, greed and tradition but without selfishness the act of selflessness may not be clearly expressed. It is natural to claim that you love someone and you will always do many things to them unconditionally and with passion basically because you want to see them

Strategies to Improve Biodiversity Crisis

Strategies to Improve Biodiversity Crisis Shannon Stubbs Biodiversity Crisis Ireland, though famous for its greenery and beautiful scenery, has a culture of natural resource exploitation. Activities such as deforestation, agriculture and removal of peatlands/ bogs have harmed the countrys natural resources. Ireland has an extensive history of deforestation, spanning hundreds of years. Around 1390, significant deforestation due to land clearing for agriculture took place and continued until there was just 12 percent forest cover by 1600 (OHanlon, 2012). By the end of the 1800s, forest cover increased due to grants and the decline in population due to the famine (OHanlon, 2012). In 2012, there was only 10 percent forest cover in Ireland and over half of that is the non-native Sitka spruce (OHanlon, 2012). The demand for higher levels of productivity and an advance in farming methodologies/tools have led to an agricultural intensification in recent decades (Hutton Giller, 2003). Around 70% of Irelands total land area is used for agriculture (Hutton Giller, 2003). Clearing of land for agriculture has led to mass habitat loss and a subsequent extinction of species such as Crex crex (the corncrake), who lost their grassland habitats(Hutton Giller, 2003). Furthermore, studies such as Rushton et al. (1989) have illustrated that beetle and spider species decline in number and diversity when upland areas are agriculturally improved (Hutton Giller, 2003). Recently, the issue of invasive species has come to the forefront. Invasive species are a priority issue under the Convention on Biological Diversity and follow closely behind habitat destruction as one of the leading threats to global biodiversity (Caffrey et al., 2014; Caffrey et al., 2011). Invasive species can cost the Irish economy up to  £261,517,445 (Kelly et al., 2013). An example of a problematic invasive species is the Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, which was first found in the River Barrow in 2010 (Caffrey et al., 2014). It quickly colonised SACs containing protected species such as sea lampreys and Atlantic salmon (Caffrey et al., 2014).      Ã‚   Since 2002, Ireland has produced two National Biodiversity Plan, with the most recent being published in 2011. The plan lays out 102 actions under 7 objectives that are largely based on Convention of Biological Diversity. These 7 objectives include incorporating conservation issues into political decisions, better management of protected habitats and their species and promotion of appreciation of biodiversity and ecosystem services (DAHG, 2011). However, this plan has a lacks a legislative basis, with much of Irelands conservation action coming because of the EU Habitats Directive. In January 2015, an interim review by the National Biodiversity Working Group (2015) of the plan found that only 24 of the 102 actions are currently implemented (Figure 2). A further 67 are in the process of being implemented and the remainder have not yet been adequately dealt with (Figure 2). Figure 2. Qualitative assessment of progress on implementation of the Actions of The Biodiversity Plan 2011-2016 (NBWG, 2015). Biodiversity provides us with essential ecosystem services such as provisions (e.g. fresh water, wood), environmental regulation (e.g. pollination, pest control, climate regulation), supporting services (e.g. soil formation) and cultural services (e.g. recreation, tourism) (Bullock et al., 2008). These services encompass every part of our lives and are critical to maintaining our standards of living and our basic well-being. Despite this, the public perception of conservation is often negative; it is perceived as a hindrance to the development of property, infrastructure, industry and economic progress (OConnor, 2016). Citizen science is a wonderful way to get the Irish public interested in conservation (Donnelly et al., 2013). A total of 20 citizen science projects run in Ireland (Donnelly et al., 2013); most of which are led by BirdWatch Ireland (Donnelly et al., 2013). Education of the next generation is key to conserving Irelands biodiversity. The role of conservation in the Primary School Curriculum needs to be further emphasized. School children tend to express more concern towards exotic, flagship species over the biodiversity that lies just outside their door (Ballouard et al., 2011) and Ireland appears to be no exception. It is our younger generations that will dictate the future of our biodiversity and therefore it is essential that we promote a deep appreciation of nature from an early age. Word count (excl. in-text citations, figure legends, references): 594 References Ballouard, J.M., Brischoux, F., Bonnet, X. (2011) Children Prioritize Virtual Exotic Biodiversity over Local Biodiversity. PLOS ONE 6(8). Bullock, C., Kretch, C. Candon, E. (2008) The Economic and Social Aspects of Biodiversity: Benefits and Costs of Biodiversity in Ireland. In: Department of the Environment Heritage and Local Government (ed.). Dublin: Government of Ireland. Caffrey, J.M., Evers, S., Millane, M., Moran, H. (2011) Current status of Irelands newest invasive species the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Mueller, 1774). Aquatic Invasions 6(3): 291-299 Caffrey, J.M., Baars, J.R., Barbour, J.H., Boets, P., Boon, P., Davenport, K., Dick, J.T.A, Early, J. et al. (2014) Tackling invasive alien species in Europe: the top 20 issues. Management of Biological Invasions 5(1). DAHG (2011) Actions for Biodiversity 2011-2016. Irelands National Biodiversity Plan. Department of Arts Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland. Donnelly, A., Crowe, O., Regan, E., Begley, S., Caffarra, A. (2013) The role of citizen science in monitoring biodiversity in Ireland. Int J Biometeorol 58(6). Hutton, S. A. Giller, P. S. (2003) The effects of the intensification of agriculture on northern temperate dung beetle communities. Journal of Applied Ecology 40(6). Kelly, J., Tosh, D., Dale, K., Jackson, A. (2013) The economic cost of invasive and non-native species in Ireland and Northern Ireland. Report prepared for the Northern Ireland Environment Agency and the National Parks and Wildlife Service as part of Invasive Species Ireland, pp. 86. NBWG (2015) Interim Review of the Implementation of the Actions for Biodiversity 2011-2016. Draft for Consultation. OConnor, à . (2016) Incorporating nature conservation objectives and measures into the Water Framework Directive. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 116B(3). OHanlon, R. (2012) Forestry in Ireland: the reforestation of a deforested country. Forestry Source 17 6(7). Rushton, S.P., Luff, M.L. Eyre, M.D. (1989) Effects of pasture improvement and management on the ground beetle and spider communities of upland grasslands. Journal of Applied Ecology 26(2).

relationships and the media :: essays research papers fc

Reflecting on the past three months, I find that the most interesting topic was those with some sort of relation to romantic relationships. I find these interesting because I am in a romantic relationship and it seems that a lot of previously unknown knowledge has been bestowed upon me about these relationships. Romantic relationships involve various aspects such as commitment, intimacy and passion according Julia Wood, the author of Interpersonal Communication. It is agreeable that a relationship is based on these ideals, but one must inquire, is that all a relationship is based upon? In her definition, Wood seems to leave out two important aspect of a relationship, trust and investment. One thing that Wood states in her writings is that commitment is a pivotal part of a relationship. Commitment is not a feeling, correcting many misconceptions of this thought. Commitment is a decision. It is the choice to remain within the relationship and it links two partners to a future. When two people decide to commit, conflict is not seen as a time to end the relationship but as a resource to make the relationship stronger by working through their conflicts. Commitment involves the choice to speak and listen effectively to one’s partner. When two people commit, they take responsibility for continuing to invest in and care for their bond (Wood 267-268). With commitment comes challenge. Various items can affect two people’s choice to commit and their future within that commitment. One of these challenges includes distance. With distance two people are not able to share the small events of their day with their partner. Distance disables two people share their ordinary comings and goings that helps relationship stay woven together. Another challenge is unrealistic expectations for time together. Partners who are distant tend to expect each moment that they spend together to be perfect. They believe that conflict should be avoided and that they should be joyfully focused on their partner not realizing that conflict no matter what type of relationship is inevitable. Another challenge with this type of relationship is unequal effort that the two partners invest to make and maintain their connection. One of the main reasons distant relationships do not work is because one person feels as if they are doing all of the work to keep the relationship solid and ongoing. (Wood, 407) I call these challenges because they can be overcome.

Chinese Women in the 21st Century Essay

â€Å"There would be no new China without the Communist Party†, I’ve heard of this saying since I was a little child. From then on, the Communist Party has left a deep and giant impression on me. China makes great progress under the leadership of the Communist Party which has always been the belief of China. I’ve been told that it would be a great honor to be a party member. So now I am a party member and the Chinese belief becomes my genuine belief. However, as growing up, I begin to wonder whether all the party members can regard the Communist party as their belief all the time and whether they are doing the things the party member should do. The answer is so disappointed. The power of Chinese belief and the awareness of Chinese people of supporting the belief are becoming weaker and weaker. China needs a firm and strong advocate of the belief. Many people can establish the belief of becoming a party member, but they can’t follow their original belief all the lifetime. Gradually they lose themselves in the debauchery lives and they forget what they have said under the flag. Other people without party affiliation are harder to see their own belief clearly. A nation without definite belief is lamentable and horrible because it can be easily destroyed by the outside rumor. Chinese dream of need a power to hold the belief is the same as my dream. We are facing the similar situation. It is easy for me to set up a goal, but I can’t carry out the goal from beginning to end. Sometimes the obstacles or the outside environment make me give up the goal. I lack the perseverance. I lack the power to hold the goal. I’ m a member of the Communist Party, but I’m not true of the name for the reason I’ve mentioned above. After many years, I’ m afraid of becoming the kind of person I disliked before. I’ m afraid of losing myself in the busy world. I’ m afraid of forget all the dream and belief made when I was young. I really need the power to help me hold the belief. China is developing and I’ m growing. We all share the same dream. China needs the citizens to awaken themselves and I need the self-awakening. The glamour of the surface must be very vulnerable. We should be tested by the time. Only holding the belief all the time can we go further towards the success. Chinese dream is my dream. Hoping the dream comes true.

Victor Frankenstein Essays

Victor Frankenstein Essays Victor Frankenstein Paper Victor Frankenstein Paper I have been given the assignment of comparing three stories of anticipation in three dissimilar styles of script. Throughout this essay, I will converse on the subject of the way each story is written, how and why particular special effects are accomplished and what rudiments and elements contribute to the atmosphere and anticipation of the story. Finally, I will conclude as to which story I have found the most successful and explain why I liked it in detail. A principal feature to examine when studying a story, in my opinion, is the title. Titles of some stories give away the plots or endings, whereas others are totally abstract and thought provoking, providing absolutely no clue as to what the story will be about. Either Frankenstein or The Raven has the best titles out of the three stories that I have read. They give away that the story is about someone named Frankenstein or a raven, but nothing else that would ruin the plot or ending. This is beneficial to the reader, who would be able to get more involved in the story as more of the plot unfolds, particularly in a novel. The title Man Overboard, tells us that the story is about a man falling overboard. Primarily I considered it could be a metaphor, but after reading the story, I found that it wasnt. A story with a title that gives away the plot has some advantages and disadvantages. Giving away some of the plot could make the reader interested and make him or her want to know how that certain event happened, for example, how the man fell overboard. A lot of the time that is not always what happens. In some cases, the plot is given away too much by the title, which makes the story less exhilarating and impulsive for the reader. The three stories I read were in the form of a novel, a short story and a poem. This had a striking outcome on the way I thought about the stories and how I could scrutinize them. The novel contained many characters and minor plots scattered around a central story line. This made it exceptionally complex and hard to understand at times, which in fact kept me interested for the reason that I was determined to understand the story. Eventually, all of the smaller plots merged into one main plot. The novel contained various distinct ideas and philosophies about crucial and valuable subjects such as life, death and religion. The short story contained one plot and one main character and was a great deal easier to grasp. The plot was portrayed in a fair amount of detail and didnt contain any ideas or philosophies like the novel. The poem, in contrast, was written in structured verses and contained an even-handed amount of rhyme in each verse. It contained nineteenth century ideas about superstition and death, which made it more similar to the novel, but only had one plot neighbouring one main character. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley creates many differences amid Victor Frankenstein and his creation, but simultaneously creates parallels between the two. Victors siblings and parents are perfect in his eyes and never deny him anything; whereas the creature is rejected by everyone who sees him from the moment he begins breathing. In spite of these differences, both characters develop problems as adults based on these childhood experiences, which ultimately cause others deaths as well as their own. Although Victors seemingly idyllic upbringing sharply contrasts with the creatures neglected childhood, both of these scenarios lead to their mutual destruction. While Victor experienced an apparently perfect, but in truth, overindulgent childhood, the creature is faced with constant rejection from the moment he is given life despite his inborn warmth and compassion. From the beginning of each of their existences, the two beings grew up under totally dissimilar pressures and influences. Victors parents respond to his birth as a gift from Heaven, whereas from the moment the creature draws breath, Victor, his father, abhors him. Indicating that as a child he never experienced unhappiness to any degree, Victor explains that his earliest memories are his mothers tender caresses and his fathers smile of benevolent pleasure while regarding him. When the creature is born, conversely, the first thing that happens to him is that his creator irrationally abandons the new being in his state of innocence because he is unable to endure the aspect of the being he had created. Shelley even uses parallel scenes where both Victor and the creature reach out for a parents love and reassurance and meet opposite responses to demonstrate their differing childhood experiences. Victor later becomes a egotistic adult who does not understand consequences and the creatures natural kindness develops into vengeful misery. Because Victor was never denied anything as a child, he grows up to be a self-centred being. While during his childhood he supposedly receives lessons of patience, of charity, and of self-control, he was so guided by a silken cord that all seemed but one train of enjoyment to him and, as a result, he never makes any mistakes and does not learn that there are in fact consequences to his actions. The creation of the monster itself is a selfish act that results from his pampered childhood because he never considers that there might be ramifications of some sort for the rest of humanity or even for himself. Because he develops this feeling of his own invincibility, when he decides to unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation, Victor is really only thinking of his own personal glory as a scientist and fails to recognise the possible problems that controlling nature to this extent can present. Victors and the creatures individual faults arising from their upbringings ultimately lead to their mutual destruction. Victors selfishness and the creatures vengefulness as adults lead to the deaths of those close to Victor. Because Victor denies the creature everything from love and compassion to acceptance, the creatures anger deepens and he is driven to kill Victors brother William as punishment. Williams death consequently causes the death of innocent Justine who is believed to be guilty of his murder. These deaths occur because Victor grew up without the understanding of consequences and he, as a result, selfishly denied the creature of the necessities that would have prevented him from committing such abhorrent crimes. By killing Victors closest friend Clerval and then Elizabeth, his lifelong companion, the creature continues to act on his vengeful feelings because Victor continues to deny him necessities and destroys the monsters own future companion before his eyes. The creature resorts to this life of despondency and violence because of his childhood of neglect and the resulting adult rejection he later experiences.

261 Cather and The Sculptors Funeral Professor Ramos Blog

261 Cather and The Sculptors Funeral Intro to Unit 2: 1914 – 1945 Quick Write Answer the questions on a piece of paper or email them to me. Five minutes. What did you do well in your essay? What were the weaknesses? What grade do you think your essay deserves? Intro to Unit 2: 1914 – 1945 In small groups, go through your section and figure out the important aspects we need to understand. Write down three or four takeaways or important points we need to know. The Two Wars as Historical Markers Changing Times Science and Technology The 1930s American Versions of Modernism Modernism Abroad and On Native Grounds Modern Literature on Stage and Screen Willa Cather (1873 1947) Willa Cather Long Biography Cather had a long writing career, over which she became nationally acclaimed and internationally respected. She is most remembered for  My ntonia,  A Lost Lady  (1923) and  Death Comes for the Archbishop  (1927). Cather received the Pulitzer Prize in 1923 for  One of Ours. The Sculptors Funeral (1905) Characters Themes Artist and Society Jewell, Andrew.  The Willa Cather Archive. U of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2004-2013. Web. 13 Dec. 2012.

Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Emerging Infectious Diseases - Research Paper Example Some emerging strains for instance avian influenza, resistant bacterial strains and respiratory tract viruses have become medically significant because of their high pathogenic nature and resistant new strains. Because of outbreaks and low preventive and medical measures, these emerging infectious diseases have a serious impact on the social, economic and agricultural impacts. Proper understanding about the disease, their clinical course, causative organisms and medical interventions are important to control and reduce their harmful effects on the mankind (Vaughan 2011). Emerging infectious diseases have become an interesting topic of research and study because of the vast medical knowledge they encompass and their conspicuous social, economic and medical impacts. A recent article in Los Angeles Times describes an astonishing aspect of urinary tract infections. The Canadian researchers have co-related the infection with ingestion of contaminated chicken. Beef and pork were less relat ed to urinary tract infections as compared to chicken which increases the risk for E.coli infection. The researchers have stated that the bacteria can enter the urinary tract from the intestine and the cause of contaminated chicken for urinary tract infections should always be considered. Hence, proper cooking and clean circumstances should be maintained while handling chicken. The chicken companies and chicken farms should be aware of this newly established yet important relation and perform strict sterilization and anti-contamination procedures to exclude any infection (Roan 2012). Zoonotic viruses also pose a serious threat to human immunity and are one of the emerging infectious diseases all over the world. A recent virus identified in a patient's blood was SFTSV virus that belonged to the Bunyaviridae family and was a phlebovirus. The virus causes a severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and the disease manifests as fever with bleeding, gastrointestinal clinical fea tures and renal symptoms. The virus causing this infectious disease was found to be highly prevalent in China as it was positive in most of the provinces and a majority of population presented with positive results during the screening procedures. Mosquitoes and ticks are the vectors for this virus and molecular screening is suggested in the affected patients to identify this emerging zoonotic infectious disease. In China the prevalence of infectious diseases is also high because of the animals living in close relation to the human beings. Awareness about the zoonotic viruses, their vectors and the transmission is very important especially to the animal market professionals for the prevention and control of the disease. The economic factors of developing countries like Malaysia and China pose a major hindrance for the development of diagnostic techniques and molecular screening methods which are both specific and sensitive for the virus (Feldmann 2011). Outbreaks of Nipah virus in n orthern Bangladesh, affecting more than 30 people since the year 2011 has become prominent as an emerging infectious disease. With a mortality rate of 100% this disease has spread a wave of fear in the locals of northern Bangladesh. Fruit bats are the reservoirs for this virus and they spread the first Nipah virus infection through pig to

How can cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) be modified to fit the needs Outline

How can cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) be modified to fit the needs of young children - Outline Example This paper will address some of the ways in which cognitive behaviour therapy can be modified to fit the needs of young children. As it is usually the case with almost all paediatric procedures, they are usually tested with adults before they can be brought to children; therefore, cognitive behaviour therapy is no exception. Due to children’s limitations in metacognition and their inability to classify feelings, clinicians need to adjust their pacing of therapy’s content and the speed of therapy (Butler, Chapman, Forman & Beck, 2006, p22). One of the things that psychiatrist need to adjust in cognitive behaviour therapy for children is the time frame with which they carry out the therapy (March et al, 2005, p813). Children do not have fully developed metacognition abilities therefore the speed at which they will respond to therapy will be slower than that of adults. Due to these challenges, therapist need to ensure that the spacing of the whole course of the therapy is in such a way that the child will not be overburdened by the therapy due to congestion of the therapy or it will be too spaced such that the effectiveness of the therapy will be compromised. The inability of children to express their feelings, which may help in easier diagnosis of the disorders, will require the time required for full cycle of therapy to increased (Wood et al, 2006, p315). Due to the stage of development in children cognitive abilities, cognitive behavioural therapies for children will always focus on the behavioural aspect of the therapy since it will be more effective, however, the behavioural aspect too will require the children to be trained in social and problem solving skills (Nauta, Scholing, Emmelkamp & Minderaa, 2003, p1273; Kendall & Hedtke, 2006, p101). These characteristics among children requires that the therapy be combined with other skills or at least provide an opportunity for the child to learn

Legal Institutions and Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Legal Institutions and Methods - Essay Example Another indictable offense in another area of law is murder. b) In summary conviction of an offense committed under section 3 of the Act an individual is subject to imprisonment for a term of not more than 12 months or a fine not in excess of the maximum under the statute or both the imprisonment and the fine. Question 1 (part c) There are two different procedures involved in the annulment of statutory instruments in parliament. These two procedures are the negative procedure and the affirmative procedure. Negative procedure Statutory instruments may be annulled if either House of parliament passes a motion to annul the statutory instrument. This time for annulment is usually 40 days from the day the motion to annul it was laid although this time which parliament is dissolved or when both houses are adjourned for more than four days. A motion to annul a statutory instrument is referred to as a prayer. Any member in the House of Commons may put down a motion to annul the statutory ins trument in respect to the Negative procedure. These motions are Early Day Motions and no time is fixed for the motions. On the other hand, an individual member may table a motion in the House of Lords with the prayers to annul the statutory instrument. Where there are no objections to the statutory instrument subject to this procedure then there is no parliamentary procedure on it. The motions for annulment are debated in parliament, but often by the delegated legislation committee, and where necessary a vote is conducted to annul such instrument. Affirmative procedure Although this procedure is less common than the Negative procedure, it provides a more rigorous parliamentary control. This is so because the instrument must receive the approval of parliament before it is annulled. Statutory instruments subject to affirmative procedure are laid before parliament in draft orders. The draft order has to be approved by parliament in order to be printed and become effective. A motion app roving a draft order has to be made by both houses. The responsibility to approve it lies with the minister laying the order for approval. A statutory instrument subject to this procedure also requires 28 or 40 days after it is laid in parliament to be annulled or remain in force. The relevant minister prepares a motion in this respect and it is upon the minister to ensure that the statutory instrument is discussed within a reasonable time. Question 1 (part d) i) Tom has committed an offense under section 3(1) of the Act by passing information to his friend Bill. The Act prohibits a relevant person from passing information without lawful authority. Tom falls under the category of a relevant person pursuant to section 4 (c) of the Act, which defines a relevant person to include individuals engaged by the BBC. Section 7 of the Act provides that if an individual commits an offense under section 3 then that person is liable to imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years or to a fi ne on conviction on indictment or imprisonment for a period not exceeding 12 months or a fine on summary conviction. ii) the provisions of sub section 5 implies that if an individual commits an offence under section 3 (2) of the Act then the individual can

The Affordable Health Care Act Essay Example for Free

The Affordable Health Care Act Essay The Affordable Health Care Act Introduction            This paper puts into a critical and analytical focus the diversity and benefits of the Obama care. It seeks to answer fundamental questions about the advantages and necessity for the act. The affordable healthcare act mirrored with both merits and demerits deciphers its complex nature. The bill signed into law on twenty-third of March 2010 to make critical reforms in the health sector. The health care provision has attracted much of sharp reactions especially from the wealthy society protesting hefty taxes.            The goal of the Obama care is to give access to all Americans quality and affordable health care. This plan focuses on the reduction of growth in health care spending. A significant percentage of the benefits will accrue to the low and middle-income families and citizens. It achieves this through consumer protection, subsidies, taxes, regulation and insurance exchanges. Fundamentally, the Obama care provision is not a replacement to Medicare, private insurance or Medicaid (Wilensky, 2012). The primary focus of the health care facility is regulation of health insurance and practices that affect the sector.            Nevertheless, the contrasting fact is that the Obama care posse’s a lot more significant bunch of questions. Is there a need for health insurance for the richest country in the world? Is it the best the government can offer for the needs of Americans? However, the complexity of the answer to these questions is not a fragment of a sentence. Therefore, before the induction of such a debate some ground rules are principal (Mulligan, 2014). First is an agreement of the fact that the government cannot have an individual approach to protecting the desires of every citizen. Secondly is that the health cover such as the Obama care primary target, is the vulnerable middle class and poor society.            The wealthy society though consistently and constantly complaining about the plan also will benefit from the program. An optimistic look at the system ensures the acknowledgement of certain advantages. The policy prevents against gender-based discrimination, unjustifiably high insurance rates. Significant benefits worth discussion with regard to the annual limits imposed by insurance firms, as well as the right to rapid appeal of the insurance company decisions. This benefits cut across the divide from the middle class to the wealthiest in the society.            The health care industry has seen to the growth in wealth and stature of many fraudulent characters. This includes one who prescribes very expensive drugs even though the cheaper ones can work just for profits (Tate, 2012). The doctor who insistent on surgery whiles a consistent observation of the patient will ensure recovery. A doctor is busy ensuring the readmission of patients who he can monitor at home. Some companies sell machinery at extraordinary hiked prices just for profits. These cases among others ascertain an advantage of the rich over the employed middle class and the poor.            This trend in the health sector increases the cost of living since most Americans are profoundly concerned about their health. A critical look at the developed world countries alienates the United States in health insurance policies. Most of the developed world has a medical insurance policy. In contrast, one of the most riches of them argues about, politicizing the fact that it is a necessity. Fact remains that the multinational companies and big business have created their wealth through the citizens. Most of them are taking advantage of the smaller businesses or the society’s lack of knowledge. Through the articulation of the health care, the businesses get to give back to the society. This may deem improper by many who are in this class, but to some extent, it is a kind gesture.            However, the consideration of certain healthcare statistics is important. A significant 30.1 million people purchase private insurance. Many of them have had their plans cancelled by the company since it does meet the ten essential health thresholds. The cost of replacement of such is very high due to services such as maternity that they may not need. A significant 4 million people could lose their company sponsored health care plan (Wilensky, 2012). This is because many companies will prefer paying the fines and allow their employees to buy their plans. Conclusion            There is a genuine sense in negative approaches to affordable health care. Nevertheless, framework solutions created specifically will solve these issues. A trivial approach to the impediments may have worse negative repercussion to the minority in the society. This will result to the upwelling of negative economic growth. The return of the United States to the set-up of insurance policies existent before will not solve problems in the health sector. Rather a degradation and increase in fraud in the health care section will form complete dominance. The health care program will be successful if approached with a positive mindset and inclusion of all individuals with equality. References Mulligan, C. B. (2014, September 8). The Myth of ObamaCares Affordability. The Wall Street Journal . Tate, N. (2012). ObamaCare Survival Guide . West Palm Beach: Humanix Books. Wilensky, G. R. (2012). The Shortfalls of Obamacare. The New England Journal of Medicine , 1479-1481. Source document

Study of Employee Behavior causing Accidents at the Workplace

Study of Employee Behavior causing Accidents at the Workplace Safety behavior is the key for reducing the injuries at the workplace and indirectly influencing the outcomes of the event before the injuries or accidents occurred (Johnson, 2003). There are many studies in occupational safety concluded that the root of the accident causes is human behavior (Geller, 2000; Cooper, 1998, 2000; Johnson, 2003). Therefore, it shows the relationship between the human and their behavior on causing the accident at the workplace. Studies indicate that more than 85% of workplace injuries and accidents can be linked to human error of commission or omission (LaBar, 1996). Granot (1998) also admits it in his review that industrial disaster is truly about people and their behavior. Most of studies in human safety behavior issues concerning only on the concept of safety culture (safety climate), defined as the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the organizations safety performance (Health and Safety Commission, 1993, p.23). Rasmussen (1990) expresses concern that despite the growing complexity, size and change in todays technical system, they continue to depend on human involvement for their safe operation. Previous researcher such as Mullen (2002), Subramaniam (2004) and Mahmood, Isa, Mustafa, Aziz Salleh (2009) did study several factors that have direct relationship with safety behavior such as organizational factors, safety commitment and human factors but they did not stressed out any variables that could mediated the relationship between those variables. Therefore, no study conducted to identify whether these relationship could be mediated by another factors such as attitudes, perceptions, knowledge, beliefs and personality. This study will not only help to improve the safety behavior at the workplace but it will also increase Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) knowledge and perception towards safety behavior. The purpose of this study is to investigate what are the main factors that influence human safety behavior among SMEs manufacturing chemical products in Northern Area of Malaysia. It is also seeks to identify the crucial parts in safety and health that is human factors which will influence the safety measures at the workplace. Besides that, it is also to identify the factors that need to be improved to achieve excellent standards of safety management at SMEs. To dig deeper into the causes of accidents at the worksite, one must understand the role of human factors, which are often the cause of human error. It is also to understand the factors that influenced the safety measures at the workplace. Industry Background Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs), plays a major role in the Malaysian economy. The development of SMEs has received much attention since the implementation of the New Economic Policy (1971 1990). It was then emphasized in the Second Long Term Malaysian Plan (1991-2000). A survey done in 1994 found that there were 12,000 SMEs established in Malaysia made up of 88% small enterprises and 12% medium-sized enterprises. These SMEs employed 33% of the workforce in the manufacturing sector. The importance of small and medium-sized businesses in helping the economic development of our nation cannot be refuted. Besides creating job opportunities, SMEs play a crucial role in contributing to the prosperity of big and multinational corporations. They enhance the industry through their creativity and innovation. In Malaysia, various agencies adopt different definitions of SMEs depending on their business interests. However one common definition is that provided by the Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation (SMIDEC) which defines SMEs according to two main factors i.e. annual sales turn over and number of full time workers. Medium sized business is a business establishment with an annual sales turnover of between RM10 million and RM25 million and which employs more than 150 full-time workers while a small sized business is a business establishment8 with an annual sales turnover of not more than RM10 million and which employs not more than 50 full time workers. SMEs offer different and unique challenges to the manager who is generally the owner of the business. Considering their importance to the countrys economic development agenda, the governments commitment to the development of SMEs has been clearly evident since the early 1970s (Saleh Ndubisi, 2006). Various forms of assistance have been given by the government to ensure the successful development of SMEs. Examples of the assistance are access to market and financial support, RD, the use of ICT, technology to enhance productivity and quality control as well as access to skilled labors (SME Performance Report, 2005). As a result of the growth of SMEs, safety measures should be taken into account seriously. It is because accidents at workplace can be prevented if employers and employees are more sensitive or have good safety behavior (Makin Sutherland, 1994; Christian, Wallace, Bradley, Burke, 2009). Moreover, to get better understanding of safety behavior, employers need to cater the human factors that can contribute to accidents at workplace and the employees to have some responsibility towards their own safety. Accidents at workplace involve monetary cost as the amount of compensation paid out to employees cost more than what it is perceived. The amount has been high in the last few years and this costs a lot of money to the economy, which can otherwise be used for other productive purposes such as an investment in new technology to boost productions. In 2003, compensation due to accidents amounted to a staggering RM 745 million. The amount increased to RM 817 million in 2004 and continued to rise to RM 883 million in 2005 (Labor and Human Resources Statistics 2001-2005, 2009). According to Thye (2009), 70% of all occupational diseases are due to the chemical exposure, which results in problems like skin diseases, poisoning and respiratory disorders. Previous studies showed that the occurrences of diseases and sickness were partly due to the improper use of personal protective equipment, from selection of such equipment to its washing or disposal (Thye, 2009). Therefore, this study will focus on SMEs manufacturing chemical products for agricultural industries and cleaning services. It is because from the data obtained most of the SMEs company at the Northern Region are producing chemical products for the agricultural and cleaning services. Problem Statement One of the topics in human resource management that is gaining attention is safety management. Generally, previous studies on safety focused on areas such as safety and health legislative compliance (Townsend, 1998), OSH implementation (Surienty, Hong Hung, 2010), OSH performance (Surienty, Hong Hung, 2010) safety climate (Zohar, 2000; Flin, Mearns, OConnors Bryden, 2000; Dedobbeleer Belan, 1991) and safety culture (Abd. Aziz, 2008; Clarke, 1999; Cooper, 1998; Cox Flin, 1998). In term of the context of the study, previous research have concentrated more on investigating safety behavior and lifestyle involving employees in construction sites (Aksorn Hadikusumo, 2007; Tam Fung, 1998; Toole, 2002) and less research focusing on manufacturing. Review of related literature revealed studies that emphasized on human factors and safety behavior are relatively spare. For example, Granot (1998) in his review of human factor in industrial disaster comprises that human beings are at the heart of disaster. They frequently play an active role in causing industrial failure through their shortcoming and fallibility. Human error can occur in every stage of industrial activities. Similarly, Yon (2007) states that consideration in studying human factors that influence safety behavior and lifestyle at the workplace has been a crucial reason for the researcher to study further on these matters. Yons (2007) study involved SMEs in Penang which focused on the factors that associated to the chemical safety. The factors are management of chemicals, employees cooperation, training and education, process hazard analysis and hazard identification, safe work procedures and practices, chemical safety data sheets, personal protective equipment progra mmes, emergency measures and first aid, operational control measures, medical surveillance programme, monitoring of workers exposure, warning sign and recordkeeping. Yon (2007) admitted that human is the key factors to ensure safety at the workplace but since her study are not focusing on the human factors, no further discussion was made. Eventhough human factors can be one of the factors on that studies, little consideration had been given. Workers play an important role in causing occupational accident but many researches continue to see human factor in a very narrow perspective. Previous researcher such as Mullen (2002), Subramaniam (2004) and Mahmood, Isa, Mustafa, Aziz Saleh (2009) did study several factors that have direct relationship with safety behavior such as organizational factors, safety commitment and human factors but they did not stressed out any variables that could mediated the relationship between those variables. Therefore, no study conducted to identify whether these relationship could be mediate by another factors such as attitudes, perceptions, knowledge, beliefs and personality. One of the models that emphasized on safety behavior is a model proposed by Subramaniam (2004). According to his model, safety behavior is the outcome of predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. However, his model is lacking because the model did not take into account several important variables such as personality, communication, and knowledge and his model only proposed a direct relationship between human factors and safety behaviors. His study conducted at residential colleges in a local Malaysian university. Therefore, this study will conducted on the working environment because the situations are more expose to the hazard. This study will utilized his model and proposed predisposing factors as intervening variable in order to help gain further understanding of the antecedents of safety behavior at SMEs. In terms of theoretical perspective, Ajzens (1980, 1991) theory of planned behaviour (TPB) appears well-suited to the explanation of the link between human factors and safety behaviour in this study. This theory derived from previous research that started out as the theory of attitude, which led to the study of attitude and behavior. The theory was, born largely out of frustration with traditional attitude-behavior research, much of which found weak correlations between attitude measures and performance of volitional behaviors (Hale, Householder, Greene, 2003, p. 259). The key application of this theory is prediction of behavioral intention, spanning predictions of attitude and predictions of behavior. The subsequent separation of behavioral intention from behavior allows for explanation of limiting factors on attitudinal influence (Azjen, 1980). This theory will help refining the model that will be used to explain variance in the aspect of safety behavior. The TPB draws our attenti on to the role of subjective norms and the intervening construct of intentions, which in this case are the enabling and reinforcing factors as intervened by predisposing factors, which are useful additions to the network of variables that interact to influence safety behaviors. Why human factor should be related to safety behavior? Employee with high level of reinforcing and enabling factors will reflect a highly awareness (predisposing) employee. On the other hand, safety behavior is regarded as desirable among employees. So, we can expect that employees with high level of enabling and reinforcing factors that mediated by predisposing factors should be related positively to safety behavior. Meanwhile, SMEs in Malaysia continue to face many challenges both traditionally and new challenges. Previous studies by Watfa, Awan and Goodson (1998) showed that occupational safety and health conditions at the small medium enterprises (SMEs) were a cause for concern. One of the many challenges that SMEs face is the high workplace accidents rate which may reflect badly to the way safety and workers well-being are being handled by Malaysian SMEs. It is further supported by the Director General of Department Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia (DOSH), Che Man (2010) who estimated about 80 to 90 percent of the accidents reported to workmen compensation scheme (SOCSO) is from SMEs. Also, the Chairman of National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Thye (2009), studies showed that the occurrence of diseases and sickness in workplace were partly due to improper use of personal protective equipment, from selection of such equipment to its washing or disposal. He also s tated that almost 70% of all occupational diseases are due to chemical exposure, which results in problems like skin diseases, poisoning and respiratory disorders (Thye, 2009). The enforcement of applicable occupational safety and health legislation is also often limited to large enterprises due to inadequate inspection capacity of the SMEs by the competent authorities. Thus, millions of workers in SMEs are not sufficiently protected by the existing legislation. In addition, workers in informal sectors are often out of reach of most of safety and health programs. Hence, given the importance of safety behaviors among employees working with SMEs, this study will focuses on examining the effect of human factors; enabling and reinforcing factors mediated by predisposing factor on safety behaviors. This study is relevant in order to investigate the extent of safety implementation in manufacturing setting in particular in SMEs. In focusing on the human factors, the consequences in their aftermath also have to be considered. It is to see how they cope with them when its occurred. Any perspective should not to be overlooked when it deals with human factors because as stated earlier human play an important role in causing an accident at the workplace. Research Questions Whether dimensions of reinforcing factors (communications, societal influences and modeling) are related with safety behavior? Whether dimensions of enabling factors (resources, policies and skills) are related with safety behavior? Whether dimensions of predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions and personality) mediated the relationship between the reinforcing factors (communications, societal influences and modeling) and safety behavior? Whether dimensions of predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions and personality) mediated the relationship between the enabling factors (resources, policies and skills) and safety behavior? Research Objectives Generally, the purpose of the study is to find out whether the human factors will influence the safety behavior at SMEs. To identify whether dimensions of reinforcing factors (communications, societal influences and modeling) are related with safety behavior. To study whether dimensions of enabling factors (resources, policies and skills) are related with safety behavior. To examine whether dimensions of predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions and personality) are related with safety behavior. To examine whether dimensions of predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions and personality) mediated the relationship between the reinforcing factors (communications, societal influences and modeling) and safety behavior. To evaluate whether dimensions of predisposing factors (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions and personality) mediated the relationship between the enabling factors (resources, policies and skills) and safety behavior. Scope of the Study The scope of the study is focusing on the human factors that will influence safety measures at SMEs in Northern area. It will focus on two main factors that influenced workers safety behavior mediated by predisposing factors. The factors are predisposing, reinforcing, enabling. Besides, the researcher also found other variables that are communication or co-ordination problems and poor social climates. These variables are not being used in this study because it is unsuitable with the working environment at SMEs in Northern area. The population for this study includes the SMEs in Northern area employees who are working in manufacturing sector. Significance of the study Generally, this study will help to improve the safety behavior at the workplace but it will also increase SMEs knowledge and perception towards safety behavior. Furthermore, it will also help to improve the safety implementation at their company. This research also can help SMEs to understand factors that contribute to the accidents and develop control strategies to prevent accidents happened at the workplace. To ensure the safety environment and culture at the workplace, employees need to be educate about the human factors that related to their behaviors in order to prevent accident and work related injuries. It is important for the employees to aware that accident can be prevented if they are really working forward to it. Finally, it can also contribute to an academic knowledge for future researcher where it is expected to highlight the relationship between human factors and safety behavior. Definition of Key Terms Safety behavior can be defined as personal actions that prevent physical injury to self (Nursing Outcome Classifications, 2009). Human factors is defined as environmental, organizational and job factors, and human and individual characteristics which influence behavior at work in a way which can affect health and safety (Health and Safety Executive, 1999) Predisposing factors are the characteristics of the individual such as belief, attitudes and values that facilitate or hinder self-protective behavior. Predisposing factors are conceptualized as providing the motivation for a specific behavior (Subramaniam, 2004). Reinforcing factors involve any reward or punishment that follows or is anticipated as a consequence of the behavior (Subramaniam, 2004). Enabling factors are defined as factors antecedent to behavior that allow motivation or aspiration that is to be realized (Subramaniam, 2004). Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) are separately defined by SMIDEC. Small sized business is a business establishment with an annual sales turnover of not more than RM10 million and which employs not more than 50 full time workers while medium sized business is a business establishment with an annual sales turnover of between RM10 million and RM25 million and which employs more than 150 full-time workers. Conclusion This chapter has placed of introduction, problem statement, companys background, research questions, research objectives, significance of the study, and limitations of the study and organizations of the study. The next chapter will tackle the previous literature related to this study such as safety behavior, predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction The literature review discussed about all the variables in this research study, which is predisposing factors, reinforcing factors and enabling factors. It is important in order to study the human factors that will influence the safety measures at the workplace. This is also to provide overview from the past research that related to this study. The researcher is using the secondary data as their resources. The literature reviews are used to develop theoretical framework and hypothesis of the study. It also exists in synthesizing the methodology as well as findings. Safety Behavior Hassan, Basha and Hanafi (2007) stated that safety behavior is reflected by good attitude. They also stressed out that many incidents/accidents that occurred in the workplace especially in the building construction sites were due to inadequate adherence of workers to work procedures. Therefore, the interactive relationship between peoples behavior, their attitudes and perceptions they hold, and the situation or environment in workplace should be taken into account (Dedobbeleer et al, 1991). Much of this literature has focused on the concept of safety culture (safety climate), defined as the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the organizations safety performance (Health and Safety Commission, 1993, p.23). Rasmussen (1990) expresses concern that despite the growing complexity, size and change in todays technical system, they continue to depend on human involvement for their safe operation. Granot (1998), stated that industrial disaster is truly about people and their behavior. Hale and Glendon (1987) cited the Confederation of British Industry phrase the root of the problem is human behavior. Human Factors Health and Safety Executive (1999) in its publication Reducing Error and influencing behavior has defined human factors as environmental, organizational and job factors, and human and individual characteristics that influence behavior at work in a way, which can affect health and safety. Attention towards human factors role in accident causation has increased recent years and it can be seen by the evolution of models accident causation (DeJoy, 1990). It is important in order to understand the impact of human factors in causing an accident at the workplace. DeJoy (1996) in his study has developed a human factors model that consists three categories of causal factors that consists predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors and he also provide a control strategies that include in his model: engineering, self protection, and organizational management. Subramaniam (2004) then, adopt this model to study the relationship between human factors and fire safety behavior and lifestyle at re sidential colleges in a local Malaysian university. Eventhough he is adopted DeJoys human factors model, he does not include the control strategies and only study a direct relationship between human factors and fire safety behavior and lifestyle. Hence this study will modified the model in order to provide a more comprehensive model in understanding the human behavior at the workplace. Predisposing Factors According to Subramaniam (2004), person characteristics such as belief, attitudes and values are predisposing factors that facilitate or hinder self-protective behavior. He also stated that predisposing factors can be conceptualized by providing a motivation for a specific behavior. Predisposing factors consists items such as knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions (Subramaniam, 2004). Knowledge Knowledge agreed well defined as an organized combination of ideas, rules, procedures and information (Subramaniam, 2004). Safety and health knowledge takes on particular importance to workers, especially for the manual workers. Inadequate safety knowledge, pointing to deficiencies with education and training engaging in unsafe acts and the actions, behavior, capabilities and communication of the work team are affected by or shaped by their attitudes, motivations, knowledge, skills, supervision, health and fatigue (Haslam, Hide, Gibb, Gyi, Pavitt, Atkinson and Duff, 2004). Attitudes Most of the researchers agreed that attitudes are also one of the main roots that cause the way how the individual behave. Glendon and Mc Kenna (1995) suggests that attitudes are related to safe and unsafe behaviors. It is agreed that the attitudes will facilitate on how the individual will react or behave. Ajzen and Fishbein (1980) also agreed that attitudes are learned, involved a tendency to act and are consistent and specific to particular stimuli. The current study found that worker safety attitudes (workers concern for safety conflict between productions and safety) was significantly predictive for unsafe behaviors, but only the latter was predictive of workplace accident (Clarke, 2004). Gellor (2001) has investigated the safety triad theory in which he thought that maintaining a continuous process to three domains, which are environment, person, and behavior. Person will reflect the competency of a worker where as the behavior illustrates the attitudes of workers in carrying o ut job safely (Gellor, 2001). Beliefs Beliefs can be concluded as individual strong feeling that something true and real. Mullen (2004) emphasize that individual tend to believe that it is acceptable to continue to engage in unsafe behavior due to the overly optimistic belief that they are immune to or greatly underestimate (Chapin, 2001) the risks associated with the behavior. It can be indicate that an individual feels secure on the routine they had gone through. The individual beliefs that it wont happen to me has been found to be a reason of the unsafe behavior (Mullen, 2004). Perceptions Granot (1998) emphasize that resignation to fate in certain traditional cultures makes it harder to mitigate dangers in some societies than in others. Individual perceived accidents as fate or it is written in their journey of life in some religion supported by Granot (1998) that event occurred is the role of destiny in some Mediterranean cultures, the will of Allah among Muslims or Karma in Hindu Tradition. Reinforcing Factors Reinforcing factors involve any reward or punishment that follows or is anticipated as consequences of the behavior (Subramaniam, 2004). According to Subramaniam (2004), reinforcing factors involved items such as feedback, societal influences, societal opportunities, modeling, and repercussion. In this study, researcher has considered to analyze only three items that is feedback, societal influences, and modeling. It is because previous study by Mullen (2004) has revealed these factors (feedback, societal influences, and modeling) has become the most influenced factors towards safety behavior (Mullen, 2004) Feedback/Communications Zohar (2002) argues that supervisors who demonstrate greater individualized consideration in their supervisory practices encourage open, informal safety communication, which in turns affects injury rate. Researchers agreed that an open conversation between co-workers, supervisor and management about safety issue will lead to the safety behavior. Ineffective communication regarding safety issues occurs between workers within an organization as well as between workers and subcontractors often found to be a factor in the cause of workplace accidents (Ayers and Kleiner, 2000). Hassan et.al (2007) in his analysis of study stated that line management involvement such as relationship with worker, talk on safety and advice on safety matter is related to the workers safety behavior and motivation. According to Cudworth (2010) in her articles on positive impact of communication on safety at Shell stated that communications within the organization plays the vital role to ensure the safety perfo rmance is at the zero level. Societal influences Many of the relevant definitions of safety culture emphasis share attitudes, values and beliefs and stress the interactions with the organizations safety structures and control systems and appropriate behavioral norms (Reason, 1998; Uttal, 1983). Furnham (1997) explains that in terms of the societal, environmental, and historical influence on the organization or group; for example, the evolution of an organization might have some effect on its culture. It means that the environment of work also give effects towards safety behavior. For example, co-workers, supervisor views on the safety itself whether they are concern or not. Modeling It was perceived by the individual that they had to experience some type of shock or close call that would raise their awareness of safety and make them realize the potential consequences of unsafe behavior (Mullen, 2004). It means that from the events that already occurred, it will develop self-protective behavior to inhibits accidents from happen to themselves. Mullen (2004) again stated that management and co-workers play major roles to the workers whether an individual will engaged in unsafe behavior. It shows that individual action also depends on what they saw on other behave and finally it became their norms of working procedures whether it is safe or unsafe. Enabling Factors Subramaniam (2004)has defined enabling factors as factors antecedent to behavior that allow motivation or aspiration that is to be realized. He has classified enabling factors into four items, which are resources, access, policies, and skills. Therefore, the researcher has adopt three items (resources, policies and skills) from the models for further investigation. Resources The desired goal of a safety program cannot be achieved when resources are lacking. An effective safety program is the result of a commitment by top management to give an appropriate level of resources. Management must consider and allocate sufficient resources to carry out day-to-day activities in order to accomplish short and long-term goals (Aksorn et al., 2007). Resources can be considered as the tools and equipment such as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and machinery provided by the management to help them carry their works properly. All equipment tends to wear out with use and requires careful monitoring. Many industrial disaster result from equipment failure (Granot, 1998). Policies Safety does not have to come at a price. When there are cost implications, regulatory bodies and trade associations need to work to make sure there is a level playing field with respect to tendering (Haslam et al., 2005). Developing a safety policy is one of the crucial tasks faced by the company because all the rules and procedures are dealt with their employees. It is important to make sure that the policy are really works and became one of the agents to prevent accident at the workplace. Clarke (2006) suggests that safety interventions need to focus on how individuals perceive their immediate work environment as well as improving safety policy and procedures. Skills Skills are the most crucial items to be deeply looking to ensure that the risk of workers to get involved in the occupational accident can be reduce and behave towards safety. Goldenhar, Williams, and Swanson (2003) found a significant direct effect between job certainty and self-reported occupational injuries and/or near misses for a sample of construction workers. A lack of job clarity may have a direct effect on injuries as this leads to the individual operating in unfamiliar situations, increasing the likelihood of accidents (Hemingway and Smith, 1999). Relationship between Predisposing Factors and Safety Behavior Predisposing factors as mentioned earlier includes knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions and personality. According to Subramaniam (2004) in his research findings, predisposing factors significantly are positively correlated with the fire safety behavior. Eventhough the study are focusing on the fire safety behavior, the relationship are still relevant to be measured in the safety behavior. Inadequate education and training contributed to approximately 70 percent of a sample of construction accidents studied as a research report published by the HSE (2003b). Attitudes also play a major role in predispose the safety behavio